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Conjunctive
Adverbs
Coordinating=
Subordinatin=
g
Correlative<=
/b>
By
Wanda Lockwood
Monterey Peninsula College En= glish & Study Skills Center
Monterey, CA
Wanda Lockwood
Monterey Peninsula College En= glish & Study Skills Center
Monterey, CA
In
order to understand conjunctive adverbs, you need to
understand what an adverb is.
An adverb is a word or p=
hrase
that describes
almost everything EXCEPT=
a
noun. Adverbs
tell how, why, when,
where, & how muc=
h.
Let’s look at a few
adverbs.
=
•He ran <=
u>quickly
down the street.=
(how &=
; where)
•Yeste=
rday,
she got fired; therefore, she needs to get another j=
ob. (when =
& why)
=
•Mandy is=
very
tired. (<=
i>how
much)
•Jim
worked hard; meanwhile, Jack slept on the You
also need to understand something about semicolons:<=
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You can think of a semicolon (;) =
as half
way between a comma (,) =
and a
period (.).
You can use a semicolon =
to
join two
independent clauses inst=
ead
of using a
period.
![](3D"file:///C:/C87CA2A2/ConjunctiveAdverb_files/slide0005_image004.jpg=)
Gene=
hit
Jose. He knocked Jose flat.
If you want to show that these
two ideas are closely related, then
<=
/div>
you might want to connect with
a semicolon instead of the period.
Gene hit Jose;&=
nbsp;
he knocked
Jose flat.
Brent went skiing.
He broke his
ankle.
Again, to show these two things are
<=
/div>
closely related, you can connect
with a semicolon.
Brent went skiing;
he
broke his ankle.
Notice that when you connect
with just a semicolon, there is no
joining word (conjunction), so the sentences sound ab= rupt (choppy). Sometimes, that= 217;s ok. It draws = attention to the ideas:
with just a semicolon, there is no
joining word (conjunction), so the sentences sound ab= rupt (choppy). Sometimes, that= 217;s ok. It draws = attention to the ideas:
He r=
obbed a
bank; he went to jail!
![](3D"file:///C:/C87CA2A2/ConjunctiveAdverb_files/slide0008_image008.jpg=)
Gary peeked through the keyhole into
=
his girlfriend’s apartment; he got a
real surprise!
![](3D"file:///C:/C87CA2A2/ConjunctiveAdverb_files/slide0009_image010.gif=)
Mario took a picture of
a famous politician sneaking
out of a hotel room; he sold
the picture to the National
Enquirer for
$100,000!
![](3D"file:///C:/C87CA2A2/ConjunctiveAdverb_files/slide0010_image012.gif=)
Miguel worked in his mine for 20 years;
he finally found gold!
![](3D"file:///C:/C87CA2A2/ConjunctiveAdverb_files/slide0011_image014.gif=)
Leila went into the plumbers’
=
apprenticeship program after
high school;&nb=
sp;
she has her own
business now.
We
often start sentences with
introductory words or phrases--these have to be= set off with a comma.
introductory words or phrases--these have to be= set off with a comma.
I
studied all evening. Then, I
went
to sleep and dreamed
about
sleeping.
![](3D"file:///C:/C87CA2A2/ConjunctiveAdverb_files/slide0014_image016.gif=)
Bobby’s car was stolen.
Therefore,
he is hopping
mad.
![](3D"file:///C:/C87CA2A2/ConjunctiveAdverb_files/slide0015_image018.gif=)
Margaret works hard to be a good teacher.
However,
some of the children in her class are
rude and obnoxious.
Remember, you can use a
semicolon rather than the period if=
you want to show a close relationship between the two ideas.Margaret works hard to be a good teacher.
However,
some the children in her class are
rude and obnoxious.
Now, let’s see what happens when we change
the
period to a semicolon.
Margaret works hard to be a good teacher;
however, some
the children in her class are
rude and obnoxious.
In this case, the introductory word is considered
a
conjunction because it’s being used to joi=
n. We call
this a CONJUNCTIVE ADVERB.
Thus, almost any word or phrase
that is used to introduce an
independent clause can be considered
a Conjunctive Adverb. Some are
very commonly used, but you can
be creative.
Here is a partial list of conjunctive adverbs=
3;
you should recognize:
acco=
rdingly
also
besi=
des
cons=
equently
for =
example
furt=
hermore
inde=
ed
in fact
inst=
ead
like=
wise
mean=
while
more=
over
neve=
rtheless
othe=
rwise
on t=
he
other hand
then=
the=
refore
Remember, you can’t use the
semicolon unless you COULD
use the period.=
Conjunctive
adverbs join only independent
clauses. =
![](3D"file:///C:/C87CA2A2/ConjunctiveAdverb_files/slide0021_image020.gif=)
Erick
works very hard; accordingly,
he
is successful in his busi=
ness.