CSUMB  ESSP 311  Dr. R. Rinehart  

Aldehydes and Ketones

KETONES

Common Name

“IUPAC” Name

Condensed Structure or Molecular Formula

Line Structure

Comments

acetone

2-propanone

CH₃COCH₃

common industrial and household solvent

methyl ethyl ketone

2-butanone

CH₃COCH₂CH₃

another major solvent

diacetyl

2,3-butanedione

CH₃COCOCH₃

synthetic butter flavor [“topping,” anyone?]

cyclohexanone

cyclohexanone

C₆H₁₀O

acetophenone

methyl phenyl ketone

CH₃COC₆H₅

C₈H₈O

mousy odor

benzophenone

diphenyl ketone

C₆H₅COC₆H₅

C₁₃H₁₀O

fixative for heavy perfumes

benzoin

2-hydroxy-1,2- diphenylethanone

C₁₄H₁₂O₂

starting material for syntheses

jasmone

3-methyl-2- (cis-pent –2-en-1-yl) cyclopentanone

C₁₁H₁₆O

used in perfume

muskone

3-methyl cyclopentadecanone

C₁₆H₃₀O

see below

used in perfume

civetone

 (Z)- 9- cycloheptadecene –1-one

C₁₇H₃₀O

see below

used in perfume

DOPA-quinone

xxx

C₉H₈NO₄

intermediate in the biosynthesis of melanin

l-carvone

(-)-(R)-carvone

C₁₀H₁₄O

from spearmint oil

d-carvone

(+)-(S)-carvone

C₁₀H₁₄O

the mirror image of the above molecule; from caraway oil

menthone

xxxxx

C₁₀H₁₈O

peppermint odor; used in flavors & perfumes

irone

xxx

C₁₄H₂₂O

found in violets and iris; used in perfumes; there are several isomers, each with a characteristic odor

ionone

xxx

C₁₃H₂₀O

also found in violets and iris; used in perfume

muskone

civetone

4-methyl-3-hexanone            4-methyl-3-heptanone             6-methyl-3-octanone

three alarm pheromones from different ant species.

They are all the  (S)-x-methyl derivatives of  3-alkanones

  © Ronald W. Rinehart, 2002   

to see the table of aldehydes, click here

Structures drawn with MDL ISISDraw^®