CSUMB
ESSP 311L
Dr. R. Rinehart

Reflux

Many reactions require extended periods of heating at a constant temperature. One way to accomplish this is through reflux [Latin, "flow back"], heating a solution in an apparatus with a vertical condenser above the reaction flask, which returns any vaporized solvent to the flask, whose contents are thus kept at the temperature determined by the boiling point of the solvent chosen.

Reflux by Daniel A. Straus at San Jose State
http://www.4chemistry.org/REFLUX%20htms/Reflux.htm
http://www.chemistry.sjsu.edu/straus/REFLUX%20htms/Reflux.htm
Reflux QuickTime™ video by Daniel A. Straus at San Jose State
http://www.4chemistry.org/VIDEOS/reflux.mov
http://www.chemistry.sjsu.edu/straus/VIDEOS/reflux.mov
Reflux FAQ  by Dan Strauss at San Jose State U
http://www.4chemistry.org/FAQ/Technique%20FAQ/RefluxFAQ.htm
Reflux page by Shirley Ann Wacowich-Sgarbi from the University of Alberta
http://www.chem.ualberta.ca/~orglabs/reflux.htm
Reflux from SUNY Stony Brook
http://www.sinc.sunysb.edu/Class/orgolab/reflux/reflux~.ppt
http://www.sinc.sunysb.edu/Class/orgolab/reflux.PDF