CHEM 30B Dr. R. Rinehart Alcohols, Phenols, Ethers, Thiols, …
ALCOHOLS
Common Name	“IUPAC” Name	Condensed Structure	Line Structure	Comments
methanol	methanol	CH₃OH		“wood alcohol” -- a common solvent; highly toxic
ethanol	ethanol	CH₃CH₂OH		“grain alcohol” consumed as intoxicating beverage; also a common solvent.
n-propanol	1-propanol	CH₃CH₂CH₂OH
isopropanol	2-propanol	(CH₃)₂CHOH		a 70% solution in water is now the most common type of “rubbing alcohol”
n-butanol	1-butanol	CH₃(CH₂)₂CH₂OH
sec-butanol	2-butanol	CH₃CHOHCH₂CH₃
isobutanol	2-methyl-1-propanol	(CH₃)₂CH₂CH2OH
tert-butanol	2-methyl-2-propanol	(CH₃)₃COH
cyclohexanol	cyclohexanol	xxx
octanol or caprylic alcohol	2-octanol	CH₃(CH₂)₅CHOHCH₃		antifoaming agent
palmityl alcohol	1-hexadecanol	CH₃(CH₂)₁₄CH₂OH	click	forms monolayer on surface of water and prevents mosquito larvae from breathing
stearyl alcohol	1-octadecanol	CH₃(CH₂)₁₆CH₂OH	click	common ingredient in shampoo and other cosmetics
ethylene glycol	ethane-1,2-diol	HOCH₂CH₂OH		used as antifreeze in automobiles; sweet taste, but HIGHLY TOXIC
glycerol	propane-1,2,3-triol	HOCH₂CHOHCH₂OH		sweet taste, syrupy. the “backbone” of fat molecules; also used as lubricant and moisturizer in cosmetics
menthol	5-methyl-2-isopropyl cyclohexanol	xxx		found in oil of peppermint; used as flavoring and in some topical analgesic preparations
D-glucose	2,3,4,5,6-pentahydroxyhexanal	CHO(CHOH)₄CH₂OH		it’s powering your brain right now!
citronellol	3,7-dimethyl-oct-6-en-1-ol	xxx	click	found in rose and geranium oils, used in perfumes
retinol	xxx	xxx	click	vitamin A alcohol
cholesterol	xxx	xxx	click	it’s clogging your arteries right now!